North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), remains one of the world’s most isolated and enigmatic countries. For adventurous travelers, the allure of visiting this nation, shrouded in secrecy and often portrayed in starkly contrasting narratives, can be strong. However, Travel To North Korea is not only highly restricted but also comes with significant risks and complexities that potential visitors must understand. This guide provides a comprehensive overview for those considering travel to North Korea, emphasizing safety, legal considerations, and what to expect in this unique destination.
Understanding the Risk: Why Travel to North Korea is Heavily Discouraged
Before delving into the specifics of planning a trip, it’s crucial to understand the serious travel advisories issued by most Western governments, including Canada. The overwhelming consensus is to avoid all travel to North Korea. This is primarily due to the high risk of arbitrary detention and the uncertain security situation stemming from North Korea’s nuclear weapons program and its highly repressive regime.
The Canadian government, for instance, explicitly states “Avoid all travel to North Korea” due to these risks. This is not a suggestion but a strong warning. The lack of a resident Canadian government office in North Korea further complicates matters. Canada relies on Sweden as its protecting power, but even their consular assistance is extremely limited. Should you encounter legal or safety issues, help from your government will be severely restricted.
Safety and Security in North Korea: A Deep Dive
Despite the allure of the unknown, safety and security in North Korea are paramount concerns. The country’s borders have been largely closed to international travelers since 2020, and entry remains exceptionally difficult. Even if you manage to enter, several factors contribute to a high-risk environment.
Limited Consular Assistance and Government Control
If detained in North Korea, especially outside of Pyongyang, consular assistance from Canadian or Swedish officials is severely constrained. The North Korean government maintains strict control over consular access, making it difficult for external entities to intervene effectively. Furthermore, the opaque nature of the North Korean police and judicial systems further limits any ability to assist travelers in distress. Transparency and due process, as understood in democratic nations, are not guaranteed.
Basic Living Conditions and Infrastructure
Beyond political and security risks, basic living conditions within North Korea present challenges. Serious shortages of food, electricity, and clean water are ongoing issues. These shortages can impact daily life and potentially affect travelers’ health and well-being.
Surveillance and Lack of Privacy
Privacy, as understood in most parts of the world, is non-existent in North Korea. Travelers should be aware that they have no right to privacy. Movements and communications are subject to constant surveillance. Personal belongings can be searched at any time, and authorities may scrutinize the contents of electronic devices. This pervasive surveillance environment can be disconcerting and requires a significant adjustment for visitors accustomed to personal freedoms.
Korean Peninsula Tensions
The Korean Peninsula is a region marked by persistent tensions. These tensions can escalate rapidly and with little warning. The security situation can deteriorate suddenly, especially around North Korean nuclear and missile tests, military exercises, or incidents along the inter-Korean border. These events can occur unexpectedly and may significantly impact traveler safety.
Access to international media within North Korea is extremely limited. This isolation means travelers may be unaware of events that could directly affect their security until they unfold. This lack of information and potential for sudden escalations underscores the unpredictable nature of the security environment.
Petty Crime
While violent crime is reportedly low against tourists, petty crime, such as theft, does occur, particularly at Pyongyang Sunan International Airport. Travelers should remain vigilant and secure personal belongings, including passports and travel documents, in a safe place at all times.
Restricted Movement and Transportation
Foreigners are prohibited from driving in North Korea. Travel is severely restricted and always requires supervision. Transportation is provided by tour guides or government authorities. While major highways are generally in good condition, rural roads can be hazardous, adding another layer of complexity to travel logistics.
Checkpoints and Security Presence
Police checkpoints are common throughout North Korea. Travelers can expect a heavy presence of security forces and may be asked for identification at any time. If stopped at a checkpoint, it is imperative to remain calm, be respectful, and follow the instructions of security personnel.
Entry and Exit Requirements for North Korea
Navigating the entry and exit requirements for North Korea is a complex process. It is essential to verify the most up-to-date information with North Korean authorities or their representatives as regulations can change with little notice.
Passport Validity
For Canadians, a passport must be valid for at least six months beyond the intended date of departure from North Korea. It’s always advisable to have even more extended validity to account for any unforeseen delays.
Visas: An Arduous Process
A visa is mandatory for Canadians entering North Korea. Visas must be obtained from a North Korean mission in a third country after receiving approval from the government in Pyongyang. The visa application process is known to be exceptionally slow and arduous. It requires patience and meticulous attention to detail.
It is critical to understand that arriving in North Korea without a valid passport and visa can lead to detention, arrest, fines, or denial of entry. No exceptions are likely to be made.
Special Rules for Journalists
Professional journalists face additional restrictions. They must apply for special permission to visit North Korea and are generally prohibited from entering the country on a tourist visa, even if traveling for personal reasons. Journalistic activities without explicit permission are strictly forbidden and carry significant risks.
Points of Entry and Restrictions
Foreigners typically enter North Korea by air or train. However, a crucial restriction exists: it is impossible to travel between North Korea and South Korea directly. Crossing the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) as a tourist is not permitted.
Even with all entry requirements met, there remains a risk of arbitrary arrest and detention upon arrival. Authorities have broad powers, and the reasons for such actions may not always be transparent.
Dual Citizenship and Korean Heritage
Travelers holding dual citizenship, particularly those with South Korean citizenship or Korean heritage, should carefully consider their decision to visit North Korea. North Korean authorities may subject dual citizens and descendants of former Korean citizens to specific laws and obligations that are not immediately apparent. Canadians with South Korean citizenship must obtain approval from South Korean authorities for travel to North Korea.
Unauthorized Entry Points: A Strict No-Go
Entering North Korea through unauthorized entry points is extremely dangerous. Foreigners have been detained, injured, or even killed for attempting to enter the country outside of official channels. It is vital to adhere strictly to permitted zones and follow all North Korean procedures and protocols.
Health Considerations for Travel to North Korea
Maintaining health while traveling in North Korea requires careful planning and awareness of potential risks. Medical facilities are limited, and health standards may differ significantly from those in Western countries.
Recommended Vaccinations and Health Precautions
Consulting a healthcare provider or travel health clinic well in advance of travel (ideally 6 weeks prior) is essential. They can provide personalized health advice based on individual travel plans and health history.
Routine Vaccinations: Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date, including measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella, meningococcal disease, and seasonal flu.
Pre-Travel Vaccines and Medications: Discuss with a healthcare provider the need for additional vaccines or medications based on travel plans. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B vaccinations are generally recommended for all travelers. Japanese Encephalitis vaccine may be considered for those spending extended periods in rural areas or during outbreaks. While Yellow Fever is not a risk in North Korea and vaccination is not required for entry, it’s always best to confirm current recommendations.
COVID-19: It is highly recommended that all eligible travelers are fully vaccinated against COVID-19, including booster doses as recommended in their home country. While vaccination reduces the risk of severe illness, it does not eliminate the risk of infection. Check for any specific COVID-19 related entry or exit requirements for North Korea.
Influenza: Annual flu vaccination is advisable. The flu occurs year-round, and vaccination at least two weeks before travel is recommended.
Malaria: While limited malaria transmission may occur in North Korea, the risk to travelers is generally very low. Antimalarial medication is usually not recommended for most travelers. However, mosquito bite prevention is still important.
Rabies: Rabies is present in North Korea, carried by dogs and wildlife. Pre-exposure rabies vaccination may be considered for high-risk travelers (e.g., those working with animals or planning outdoor activities). Avoid contact with animals, and seek immediate medical attention if bitten or scratched. Rabies treatment may be limited in North Korea, potentially requiring medical evacuation.
Food and Water Safety
Food and water safety is a significant concern in North Korea. Practice strict precautions to avoid illness:
- Safe Food: Only eat food that is thoroughly cooked and served hot. Avoid raw or undercooked foods. Peel fruits and vegetables yourself.
- Safe Water: Drink bottled or boiled water. Avoid ice cubes in drinks. Be cautious of tap water.
- Hygiene: Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially before eating and after using the restroom. Carry hand sanitizer.
Traveler’s diarrhea is a common risk. Pack oral rehydration salts and consider bringing anti-diarrheal medication as advised by a healthcare provider.
Insect and Tick Bite Prevention
Protecting against insect and tick bites is crucial to prevent diseases like dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Lyme disease.
- Use insect repellent containing DEET or picaridin on exposed skin.
- Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, especially during dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active.
- Sleep under mosquito netting if accommodations are not fully sealed.
- Check for ticks after spending time outdoors.
Medical Facilities and Insurance
Medical facilities in North Korea are poor, with shortages of medicine and frequent power outages. Medical care for foreigners is expensive, and upfront cash payment is typically required. Pyongyang Friendship Hospital is one of the better facilities with some English-speaking staff. However, for any serious medical condition or surgery, medical evacuation is strongly advised.
Comprehensive travel insurance that includes medical evacuation and hospital stay coverage is absolutely essential. Medical evacuation can be extremely complex and costly to arrange and is not guaranteed.
Laws and Culture in North Korea: Navigating Restrictions
Understanding and respecting North Korean laws and cultural norms is critical for travelers. Failure to do so can lead to serious consequences, including fines, detention, or arrest.
Tourist Laws and Guidelines
Upon arrival, foreigners are met by a guide from the designated host organization, and being accompanied by an official guide at all times is mandatory. Travelers must strictly adhere to all instructions given by their guides.
Behaviors deemed inappropriate by North Korean authorities can result in penalties. This includes seemingly minor actions such as:
- Unauthorized conversations with locals.
- Currency exchange outside official channels.
- Making purchases in stores not designated for foreigners.
- Unapproved photography.
Public transportation is off-limits to foreigners. All transportation will be arranged by guides or authorities.
Drug Laws and Penalties
Penalties for drug offenses in North Korea are extremely severe. Possession, use, or trafficking of illegal drugs can lead to lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines. Travelers should be exceptionally cautious and never transport packages or items for others.
Import and Export Restrictions
Certain items are prohibited from being imported into North Korea, including satellite telephones and shortwave radios. These items may be confiscated upon arrival and possibly returned upon departure.
Bringing local North Korean currency into or out of the country is forbidden.
Authorities may seize any materials deemed pornographic, political, or intended for religious proselytizing. This includes materials printed in South Korea. Be cautious about bringing any Korean-language materials that could be misinterpreted as being against the North Korean regime.
Engaging in unsanctioned political or religious activities can lead to arrest and detention.
Photography Restrictions
Photography is heavily restricted. It is strictly prohibited to photograph sensitive locations such as:
- Airports
- Roads and bridges
- Seaports and rail stations
- Military personnel and facilities
Taking photos or videos outside designated tourist areas can result in equipment confiscation or detention. Always seek permission from your tour guide before taking photographs.
Dual Citizenship and Consular Access
North Korea does not legally recognize dual citizenship. If North Korean authorities consider a traveler a North Korean citizen, they may deny access to Canadian consular services. This severely limits the ability of the Canadian government to provide assistance.
Political Criticism: Exercise Extreme Caution
Making remarks critical of the North Korean state and its leadership can lead to imprisonment. Exercise extreme caution when discussing the country’s political system or the ruling Kim family (Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Jong Un). Even seemingly private conversations could be monitored.
2SLGBTQI+ Persons: Social and Legal Uncertainty
The legal and social status of 2SLGBTQI+ persons in North Korea is uncertain. North Korean law does not explicitly address sexual orientation or gender identity. Homosexuality is not widely accepted in North Korean society, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals may face harassment and verbal abuse.
Currency and Money Matters
The official currency is the North Korean won (KPW), but it is not used by tourists. Foreigners are expected to use Euros, Chinese Renminbi, or US dollars. Cash is the primary form of payment. Change in foreign currency may be unavailable. Banking facilities are limited, and ATMs are non-existent. Some hotels may accept credit cards with advance notice.
Natural Disasters and Climate Considerations
North Korea is susceptible to natural disasters, and climate change is exacerbating these risks.
Climate Change Impacts
Climate change is increasingly affecting North Korea, leading to more frequent and intense extreme weather events. These events can disrupt travel plans and pose safety risks. Monitoring local weather reports is crucial.
Rainy and Typhoon Seasons
The rainy season in North Korea extends from late June to August, with July typically being the wettest month. Heavy rainstorms can cause severe flooding and landslides.
Typhoon season occurs in August and September. Typhoons can bring devastating winds and rainfall, causing significant damage and loss of life, and disrupting essential services.
Travelers visiting during the rainy or typhoon seasons should be aware of the increased risks:
- Be prepared to alter travel plans on short notice, including trip cancellation.
- Stay informed about weather forecasts.
- Keep emergency contact information for airlines and tour operators readily available.
- Follow the advice and instructions of local authorities in the event of a natural disaster.
Conclusion: Reconsidering Travel to North Korea
Travel to North Korea presents a unique and potentially eye-opening experience. However, it is essential to approach this destination with a clear understanding of the significant risks involved. The strong advisories against travel issued by governments worldwide are based on genuine concerns about safety, arbitrary detention, and the restrictive nature of the regime.
For those still considering travel to North Korea, meticulous planning, unwavering adherence to local laws and guidelines, and a comprehensive understanding of the potential challenges are paramount. Travel insurance that includes medical evacuation is not just recommended, but essential. Ultimately, potential visitors must weigh the allure of this isolated nation against the very real risks to personal safety and freedom. For most, especially families, reconsidering travel to North Korea and choosing a less volatile destination may be the most prudent decision.
