United States Travel Warnings: Safety and Security Advice for Travelers

Traveling to the United States is generally safe, but like any destination, it’s essential to be aware of potential risks and take necessary precautions. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of travel warnings and safety advice for visitors to the United States, ensuring a secure and enjoyable trip.

Understanding the General Risk Level in the United States

The United States generally maintains a “Take normal security precautions” advisory. This indicates that while there are no widespread or exceptional risks, travelers should still be vigilant and aware of their surroundings. However, specific areas and situations may warrant increased caution.

Safety and Security Concerns in Detail

Border Areas with Mexico: High Vigilance Required

Areas bordering Mexico, particularly in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, experience higher rates of criminal activity related to drug trafficking.

Precautions for Border Travel:

Extreme Vigilance: Remain highly alert and aware of your surroundings.
Official Crossings: Use only recognized and official border crossing points.
Avoid Night Travel: Refrain from traveling in these areas after dark.

Crime: A Spectrum from Petty Theft to Violent Acts

Crime in the U.S. ranges from petty theft to violent offenses. Understanding the types of crime and where they are more prevalent is crucial for traveler safety.

Petty Crime: Especially in Urban and Tourist Hotspots

Petty crimes like pickpocketing and purse snatching are common, especially in crowded urban centers and popular tourist locations.

Preventive Measures:

Never Leave Valuables Unattended: Do not leave bags or valuables in parked cars, especially rental vehicles, even in trunks.
Secure Belongings: Keep passports and other travel documents secure and concealed at all times.

Violent Crime: Concentrated in Specific Areas

Violent crime is more frequent in impoverished neighborhoods within large cities, particularly between dusk and dawn. Intoxication often plays a role in these incidents. Gangs and organized crime groups are often involved, though individuals may also perpetrate violent acts. While tourists are rarely targeted, awareness is key.

Safety Guidelines:

Situational Awareness: Be constantly mindful of your surroundings.
Check Crime Statistics: Review official neighborhood crime data before visiting unfamiliar areas.
Non-Resistance During Robbery: If confronted by robbers, remain calm and do not resist.

Image: The FBI Crime Data Explorer logo. Checking local crime statistics can increase your safety awareness.

Gun Violence: A Significant Concern

The United States has a high rate of firearm ownership, and in many states, open carry of firearms is legal. Mass shootings, resulting in casualties, occur. While tourists are rarely directly involved, the risk of being in the wrong place at the wrong time exists.

Preparedness is Key:

Active Shooter Response: Familiarize yourself with how to react in an active shooter situation.

Image: The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) Active Shooter Event Quick Reference Guide. Knowing how to react in such events can save lives.

Home Break-ins: Risks for Vacation Homeowners

Canadians owning holiday homes in the U.S. have been targeted for break-ins and burglaries.

Home Security Tips:

Secure Windows and Doors: Ensure windows and doors are securely locked at night and when you are away from your property.

Common Criminal Tactics Targeting Tourists

Be aware of robbery tactics specifically aimed at visitors.

Highway Robbery Ploys:

Vehicle Issue Scam: Criminals may signal to tourists, indicating a problem with their vehicle, to lure them to stop and steal valuables when they exit the car.
Windshield Obstruction: Items might be thrown at your windshield to obscure vision, forcing you to pull over, making you vulnerable to robbery.

Responding to Highway Robbery Attempts:

Do Not Stop on the Roadside: Avoid pulling over on the shoulder of the road.
Drive to Safety: Activate hazard lights and slowly drive to a gas station, police station, or another safe, populated area.

Demonstrations: Potential for Disruption and Violence

Demonstrations can occur and, even if peaceful initially, can turn violent suddenly. They can also disrupt traffic and public transportation.

Safety Measures During Demonstrations:

Avoid Demonstration Areas: Stay away from locations where demonstrations or large gatherings are taking place.
Follow Local Authority Instructions: Comply with directions from local law enforcement.
Monitor Local Media: Stay informed about ongoing demonstrations through local news outlets.

Image: A graphic representing mass gatherings safety advice, emphasizing awareness and caution.

Fraud: Credit Card and ATM Risks

Credit card and ATM fraud, including debit card cloning, is a risk.

Protecting Yourself from Fraud:

Card Handling Vigilance: Pay close attention when your cards are handled by others.
Secure ATMs: Use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside banks or businesses.
Inspect Card Readers: Avoid card readers that appear irregular or unusual.
PIN Protection: Shield the keypad with your hand when entering your PIN.
Monitor Account Statements: Regularly check your account statements for unauthorized transactions.

Image: A visual reminder to be aware of overseas fraud and protect your financial information.

Terrorism: A Persistent Threat

There is an ongoing threat of terrorism in the United States. Terrorist attacks can occur at any time and target various locations.

Potential Terrorist Targets:

Government buildings, including schools
Places of worship
Airports and transportation hubs
Public areas like tourist attractions, restaurants, shopping centers, and hotels

Staying Safe from Terrorism:

Situational Awareness: Always be aware of your surroundings in public places.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security Alert System:

The DHS operates a public alert system (National Terrorism Advisory System) to disseminate information about terrorist threats.

Image: The banner of the National Terrorism Advisory System, highlighting its role in communicating terrorist threats.

Hiking and Mountaineering: Safety in Wilderness Areas

For those planning hiking, backpacking, or skiing trips, safety in wilderness areas is paramount.

Wilderness Safety Guidelines:

Never Go Alone: Avoid these activities alone; always hire a guide from a reputable company.
Comprehensive Travel Insurance: Obtain travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation.
Detailed Route Information: Get detailed information on trails or slopes and stay on marked paths.
Physical Fitness: Ensure you are physically prepared for the activity’s demands.
Proper Equipment and Information: Be properly equipped and informed about weather and potential hazards.
Inform Someone of Your Itinerary: Tell a family member or friend your plans, including return time.
Altitude Sickness Awareness: Know the symptoms of altitude sickness, which can be life-threatening.

Air Travel: Airline Safety Standards

Assessments of foreign domestic airlines’ compliance with international safety standards are not provided.

Checking Airline Safety:

Travelers should research airlines themselves if concerned about safety standards.

Entry and Exit Requirements: Navigating U.S. Borders

Entry and exit requirements are determined by each country. Travelers must meet U.S. requirements to enter.

Important Note: Requirements can change, so always verify information with the U.S. authorities or Foreign Representatives in Canada before traveling.

Passport Requirements

Proof of Canadian citizenship is required for entry into the U.S.

Air Travel Passport Requirements

Canadian citizens flying to the U.S. must present:

A passport valid for the duration of their stay.
A valid NEXUS card (for use at designated airport kiosks).

This applies to all Canadian citizens, including children, even for transit.

Land and Water Travel Passport Requirements

For land or water entry (Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative – WHTI), Canadians aged 16+ must present:

A valid passport.
A Trusted Traveler Program card.
An Enhanced Driver’s Licence (EDL) or Enhanced Identification Card (EIC) from participating provinces/territories.
A Secure Certificate of Indian Status.

Documents must be valid for the entire stay.

Canadians aged 15 and under entering by land or water require:

A passport.
An original or copy of a birth certificate.
An original Canadian citizenship certificate.

Additional Border Information

Customs officials may ask for your U.S. address (including Puerto Rico), and may also request:

Evidence of residential, employment, or educational ties to Canada.
Proof of trip legitimacy and reasonable duration.
Proof of sufficient funds for your stay.

Dual Citizens: U.S. and Canadian

While not formally required, dual U.S.-Canadian citizens should carry both passports to facilitate entry and return.

Visas: When Are They Needed?

Canadians typically stay up to 6 months visa-free, declaring their intended stay upon entry.

Exceptions Requiring Visas:

Certain circumstances may require visas for Canadians.

Canadian Permanent Residents:

May require a non-immigrant visa obtained from U.S. authorities before entry and a valid passport from their country of citizenship.

Visa Waiver Program (VWP):

Citizens of VWP countries can enter the U.S. for up to 90 days with pre-travel authorization (ESTA).

U.S. Permanent Residents:

Canadians who are U.S. permanent residents must present a valid U.S. Permanent Resident Card.

First Nations and Native Americans Born in Canada:

May freely enter the U.S. for employment, study, retirement, investing, or immigration purposes.

Working in the United States:

Most Canadian business travelers can apply for admission at a U.S. port of entry without a visa. However, specific business categories require particular documents. Contact a U.S. embassy or consulate for details if planning to work.

Studying in the United States:

Canadian citizens do not need visas to study in the U.S., but must be registered with SEVIS (student tracking system) and present registration forms upon entry.

Length of Stay and Extensions

For stays longer than 6 months, apply for an extension at a USCIS office within the U.S. before your authorized stay expires.

Immigration Enforcement:

The U.S. strictly enforces immigration rules. Overstaying can lead to detention or deportation.

Re-entry After Overstay:

No set waiting period to re-enter after an authorized stay, but CBP officers may question frequent visits to ensure you are a temporary visitor, not a U.S. resident.

Biometrics at Entry

Non-U.S. citizens provide biometrics (digital fingerprints, photo) upon entry.

Canadian Exemption and Exceptions:

Most Canadians are exempt, except those needing visas or waivers, or those requiring an I-94 form. Random screenings of exempt Canadians have occurred.

Electronic Device Searches at the Border

U.S. border agents can search electronic devices (phones, computers, tablets) without cause and can request passwords.

Consequences of Refusal:

Refusal may lead to device seizure, travel delays, or denied entry for non-U.S. citizens.

Precaution:

Set devices to airplane mode before crossing to prevent accidental file downloads.

Preclearance in Canada

Preclearance at Canadian airports allows U.S. entry clearance before departure.

Preclearance Process:

U.S. preclearance officers interview travelers and can inspect luggage, and refuse U.S. entry.

Legal Protections in Preclearance Areas:

While in preclearance areas, Canadian law applies, including the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Right to Withdraw:

You can withdraw your request to enter the U.S. and leave preclearance unless an officer suspects false statements or obstruction.

Criminal Record and U.S. Entry

A criminal record, regardless of severity or age, may lead to denied U.S. entry. Canadian pardons are not recognized by U.S. law.

Waiver of Inadmissibility:

Apply for a temporary waiver of inadmissibility via a U.S. embassy or consulate or at land borders.

Database Access:

U.S. ports of entry are computerized with access to criminal records. Past entries do not guarantee future entry. Attempts to enter without a waiver after denial can result in detention and a permanent U.S. entry ban.

Cannabis and U.S. Entry

Past cannabis use, even if legal in some U.S. states, can result in denied U.S. entry, as it is federally illegal. Involvement in the cannabis industry can also lead to inadmissibility.

Boating in U.S. Waters

Small pleasure vessels from foreign ports must report arrival to U.S. Customs and Border Protection for inspection.

Cruises and Passports

A valid Canadian passport is required for cruises from the U.S. and for re-entry into the U.S. at the cruise end.

Passport Handling on Cruises:

Ship authorities may retain passports during cruises. Obtain a receipt and ensure passport retrieval at the end. Carry a photocopy of your passport at all times.

Pets and Entry Requirements

Pets must appear healthy at ports of entry. Poor health may lead to examination, testing at owner’s expense, or denied entry.

Pet Requirements:

May include import permits, health/export certificates, and proof of vaccinations (e.g., rabies). Quarantine may be required.

Children Traveling in Groups

Canadian citizens under 19 traveling with organized groups under adult supervision need written parental consent.

Yellow Fever Entry Requirements

Check for potential yellow fever vaccine entry requirements in the health section.

Health Risks and Precautions

Relevant Travel Health Notices

This section provides health risk information for travelers. Consult a healthcare provider or travel health clinic ideally 6 weeks before travel for personalized advice.

Routine Vaccinations

Ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date, including MMR, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella, meningococcal disease, and seasonal flu.

Pre-Travel Vaccines and Medications

Discuss necessary vaccines and medications with a healthcare provider based on your travel plans.

Yellow Fever:

Risk: No yellow fever risk in the U.S.
Entry Requirement: No proof of vaccination required.
Recommendation: Vaccination not recommended.

Measles:

Measles is highly contagious. Ensure you are fully protected before traveling internationally.

Hepatitis B:

Hepatitis B risk exists everywhere. Vaccination is recommended for all travelers, especially those at risk of exposure to blood or bodily fluids.

Influenza (Flu):

Annual flu vaccination is recommended. Flu occurs worldwide with seasonal patterns varying by hemisphere.

COVID-19:

Complete a COVID-19 vaccine series and any recommended boosters before travel. Vaccination is highly effective against severe illness. Check destination entry/exit requirements.

Rabies:

Rabies may be present in wildlife, including bats. Vaccination may be recommended, especially for those working with wildlife. Seek immediate medical attention if bitten or scratched by an animal.

Safe Food and Water Precautions

Avoid illness by practicing safe food and water habits.

Guidelines:

Eat safely prepared food only.
Avoid getting water in eyes, mouth, or nose when swimming in freshwater.
Don’t swallow water while bathing, showering, or swimming.

Tick and Insect Bite Prevention

Prevent diseases spread by ticks and insects like mosquitoes.

Protection Measures:

Use approved insect repellent.
Wear light-colored, loose, tightly woven clothing.
Wear socks and closed shoes.
Use mosquito netting when outdoors or in unenclosed spaces.
Perform tick checks after outdoor activities.

Zika Virus:

Zika risk may exist in some U.S. areas. Prevent mosquito bites and practice safe sex. Pregnant women should discuss risks with their healthcare provider and may consider postponing travel to risk areas.

Dengue:

Sporadic dengue risk exists. Protect against mosquito bites, especially during daytime, sunrise, and sunset. No vaccine exists for dengue fever.

Animal Precautions

Avoid contact with animals to prevent animal-to-human infections like rabies and avian flu.

Risk Reduction:

Avoid contact with stray dogs, livestock, monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats.
Avoid undercooked meat. Supervise children closely around animals.

Avian Influenza:

Human avian influenza cases have been reported in the U.S. Risk is low for most travelers. Avoid contact with birds and ensure poultry is properly cooked.

Person-to-Person Infections

Reduce the risk of respiratory infections (flu, COVID-19) and STIs, HIV, and mpox.

Prevention:

Stay home if sick.
Wear a well-fitting mask in crowded indoor settings.
Practice frequent handwashing.
Cover coughs and sneezes.
Practice safe sex to reduce STI, HIV, and mpox risks. Mpox vaccination is available for eligible individuals.

Medical Services and Facilities

Healthcare is excellent but expensive. Hospitals must treat emergencies regardless of ability to pay, but will charge for services. Travel health insurance including medical evacuation and hospital stays is essential.

Medication Regulations

Restrictions and prohibitions exist on importing certain prescription drugs into the U.S. Some over-the-counter medications in Canada may require prescriptions in the U.S.

Medication Travel Tips:

Bring sufficient medication quantities.
Have a physician’s note explaining your condition, if applicable.

Laws and Culture

Abide by local laws, which vary significantly by state.

Penalties and Transfer of Offenders

Serious law violations can result in jail sentences or even the death penalty in some states. Canadian citizenship offers no special protection. Jail sentences are served in U.S. prisons unless a transfer to a Canadian prison is approved by both countries.

Drug Laws

Penalties for drug offenses are severe, including lengthy jail sentences and heavy fines.

Cannabis and the Border

Despite cannabis legalization in some U.S. states, it remains federally illegal and illegal to cross the Canada-U.S. border with any amount of cannabis. Expect prosecution, fines, and potential jail time for border cannabis offenses.

Prescription Medication Importation

Personal medication may be subject to U.S. drug importation laws. Generally, a 90-day supply is allowed, but CBP has discretion.

Prescription Medication Travel Tips:

Bring only necessary quantities plus one week’s extra supply.
Keep medications in original packaging with dispensary labels.
Carry a duplicate prescription with generic and trade names.
Have a physician’s note for your condition and syringe use, if applicable.

2SLGBTQI+ Persons: State Laws

Some state laws may affect 2SLGBTQI+ persons. Check local laws in your destination state.

Dual Citizenship: Limitations

Dual citizenship is recognized, but consular services for dual U.S.-Canadian citizens in the U.S. may be limited.

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention applies between Canada and the U.S. for child abduction cases. Act quickly, contact the Central Authority in your province/territory, and consult lawyers if your child has been wrongfully taken to or is held in the U.S.

Expedited Removal

U.S. Customs and Border Protection can bar non-citizens for five years for presenting false documents or misrepresenting themselves. No formal appeal process exists for expedited removal, but supervisory review can be requested.

Imports and Exports: Restrictions

Contact the specific U.S. Customs and Border Protection office at your planned border crossing for current import/export restrictions, which change frequently. Declare all items at entry.

Travel to Cuba from the United States

U.S. sanctions restrict tourist travel between the U.S. and Cuba. Travel for other specific purposes may be permitted if requirements are met.

Driving in the United States

A valid Canadian driver’s license is accepted in the U.S. Traffic laws vary by state.

Automobile Insurance

Many states require mandatory auto insurance and proof of insurance. Additional liability and auto insurance may be needed for driving to Mexico from the U.S.

Hitchhiking Risks

Never cross the border with hitchhikers or as a hitchhiker due to potential legal implications. Be cautious about who and what you carry in your vehicle, as drivers can be held responsible for passengers’ actions and belongings.

Money and Currency

The U.S. dollar (USD) is the currency. Canadian currency and checks are not widely accepted. Most transactions require a U.S. bank account. No limit on money brought into or out of the U.S., but amounts over US$10,000 must be declared. Failure to declare can lead to penalties and currency seizure.

Natural Disasters and Climate Risks

Climate Change Impacts

Climate change is affecting the U.S., increasing extreme weather events that may disrupt travel. Monitor local media for updates.

Hurricane Season

Hurricanes occur from May to November in the Eastern Pacific and June to November in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico. These storms pose serious safety risks and can disrupt services.

Hurricane Season Travel Advice:

Be aware of serious safety risks.
Be prepared to change travel plans quickly.
Stay informed about weather forecasts.
Carry airline/tour operator contact information.
Follow local authority advice.

Flooding and Landslides

Heavy rains can cause flooding and landslides, making roads impassable and damaging infrastructure. Exercise caution around rivers, stay informed about weather, and follow local authority instructions, including evacuations.

Earthquakes

Earthquake risk is present in Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Washington State. Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures if traveling to these areas.

Heat and Humidity

Heat and humidity are severe during June to September, especially in the South and Southwest. Be aware of dehydration and heatstroke symptoms.

Bush and Forest Fires

Bush and forest fires are common, particularly in summer, across much of the U.S. Wildfires can occur year-round. Air quality can worsen due to smoke. Stay away from fire-affected areas, follow evacuation orders, and monitor local media.

Tornadoes

Tornadoes are a risk, especially in central, mid-west, and southern states. They can occur with little warning. Monitor local news and weather and follow local authority instructions.

Volcanoes

Active volcanoes exist in the U.S. Volcanic eruptions can disrupt air travel and worsen air quality. Monitor local media, follow evacuation orders, and be prepared to change travel plans.

Tsunamis

Hawaii is prone to tsunamis, often after earthquakes. Tsunami risk can persist for hours after a tremor. If on the coast, know evacuation plans in case of a tsunami warning.

By staying informed and prepared, travelers can mitigate risks and enjoy a safer trip to the United States. Always prioritize your safety and heed travel advisories and local guidance.