Planning a family trip that crosses borders in the Western Hemisphere? Understanding the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) is crucial for a stress-free journey. Born from recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and enacted through the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA), WHTI is a joint effort between the Department of State (DOS) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This initiative aims to bolster U.S. border security by establishing clear documentation requirements for all travelers entering the United States, including both U.S. citizens and international visitors.
Why Secure Travel Documents? Making Borders Safer and Travel Easier
The primary goal of WHTI is two-fold: to significantly enhance border security and to streamline the entry process into the United States for both U.S. citizens and legitimate international travelers. By requiring secure documents that verify both identity and citizenship, WHTI helps to create a more efficient and secure system, making international family travel safer and more predictable.
Documents Accepted for Air Travel to the United States
When flying into the U.S., document requirements are strict for all travelers, including children.
For U.S. Citizens:
U.S. citizens, including children, must present one of the following valid documents:
- U.S. Passport: The most universally accepted document for international air travel.
- Trusted Traveler Program Card: Cards like NEXUS, SENTRI, or FAST offer expedited entry for pre-approved travelers.
- U.S. Military Identification Card: Valid only when traveling on official orders for military personnel.
- U.S. Merchant Mariner Document: Acceptable for those traveling in conjunction with official maritime business.
Note: Indian/tribal cards are not valid for air travel.
For U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents:
The rules for Lawful Permanent Residents remain unchanged under WHTI. They must present their valid Permanent Resident Card (Green Card). A passport is not required for entry when using a Permanent Resident Card.
Documents Accepted for Land and Sea Travel to the United States
For families driving or cruising into the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean, the document options are more varied, offering greater flexibility.
For U.S. Citizens:
U.S. citizens have several options for land and sea border crossings:
- U.S. Passport
- Passport Card: A wallet-sized card valid for land and sea entry to the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean.
- Enhanced Driver’s License (EDL): Currently offered by some states, EDLs serve as proof of identity and citizenship for land and sea crossings.
- Trusted Traveler Program Card (NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST)
- U.S. Military Identification Card (on official orders)
- U.S. Merchant Mariner Document (official maritime business)
- Form I-872 American Indian Card or Enhanced Tribal Card (where available)
Special Note for Children: U.S. and Canadian citizen children under 16 (or under 19 if traveling with a supervised youth group) can present just a birth certificate or other proof of citizenship. This can be an original, photocopy, or certified copy.
For Other Nationalities:
- Canadian Citizens: Can present a valid passport, Enhanced Driver’s License, or Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI, or FAST).
- Bermudian Citizens: Required to present a valid passport.
- Mexican Citizens: Including children, must have a passport with a visa, or a Border Crossing Card.
- Closed-Loop Cruises: U.S. citizens on cruises that begin and end in the same U.S. port can often enter the U.S. with just a birth certificate and government-issued photo ID. However, always verify with your cruise line as passports may still be needed for entry into other countries on your itinerary.
Enhanced Driver’s Licenses (EDLs): A Convenient Option
Enhanced Driver’s Licenses (EDLs) are state-issued identification that provide proof of both identity and U.S. citizenship. These licenses are processed securely and incorporate technology to facilitate smoother border crossings. EDLs are a cost-effective and convenient alternative to passports for entering the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean via land or sea. Check if your state offers EDLs as they are not available in all states.
How to Obtain a U.S. Passport
For families planning international travel, a U.S. passport is the most versatile and widely accepted document. To apply for a passport, visit the State Department’s official travel website or contact the U.S. National Passport Information Center for detailed instructions and application procedures.
Traveling Without the Correct Documents: Expect Delays
Travelers who arrive at the U.S. border without WHTI-compliant documents should anticipate potential delays. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers will need to spend extra time verifying identity and citizenship, which can slow down the entry process. Avoid unnecessary stress and delays by ensuring everyone in your family has the correct documentation before starting your trip.
By understanding and preparing for the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, your family can navigate border crossings with confidence, ensuring a smoother start to your international adventures.
